Topic 24: Population

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Câu 1:
The current average population increase is estimated (1)________83 million people per year.

A. about

B. for 
C. at 
D. with
Câu 2:
Annual growth rate reached its (2)__________in the late 1960s, when it was at around 2%.
A. height
B. top
C. tip
D. peak
Câu 3:
The rate of increase has nearly halved since then, and will continue (3)_________in the coming years.

A. to decline

B. decline
C. to be declined 
D. being declined
Câu 4:
World population will therefore continue to grow in the 21st century, but at a much slower rate (4)___________to the recent past.

A. to compare

B. comparing
C. compared
D. comparison
Câu 5:

It is now estimated that it will (5)_________another nearly 40 years to increase by another 50% to become 9 billion by 2037.

A. spend

B. take
C. consume
D. make
Câu 6:

Which best serves as the title for the passage?

A. Different outcomes for the U.S. regarding immigration rate.
B. Immigration should be made a right issue.
C. Illegal and legal immigrations are the same with the U.S. policy.
D. The political aspect of the U.S. immigration.
Câu 7:

The word “It” in paragraph 1 refers to _______.

A. When U.S. growth rate will peak. 
B. How U.S. population will change.
C. Where U.S population will concentrate.   
D. Why U.S population will not stay the same.
Câu 8:

According to paragraph 2, how many situations sketched out by the report for the population in 2060?

A. 2

B. 3

C. 4

D. 5

Câu 9:

The word “median” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.

A. mean 
B. optimal
C. average
D. middle
Câu 10:

According to paragraph 3, what is the author trying to get at by discussing the process of ethnic identification?

A. Reducing immigration will not stop America’s rising diversity in races and ethnics.
B. The reported ethnic makeup of the American population will make no sense.
C. Zero immigration would be demographically unsustainable and unlikely to occur.
D. The America will lose its cultural identity with the current rate of immigration.
Câu 11:

Which best serves as the title for the passage?

A. Different world’s population problems. 
B. The world’s first population problem.
C. Why the population explosion was unique
D. A direct response to the confusion.
Câu 12:

According to paragraph 1, what did the author imply when writing “And they would be right - for their time”?

A. People cannot imagine problems beyond their fixed chronological framework of thinking.
B. Rapid population growth is quantitatively and qualitatively different from previous population problems.
C. For a century, every generation of Americans has seen some aspects of population as a problem.
D. Mordenisation has robbed people of their caring side, leaving only apathy and indifference.
Câu 13:

The word “they” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.

A. workers   
B. urban constituents
C. consumers
D. rural incumbents
Câu 14:

According to paragraph 2, what were the two problems mentioned as population concerns?

A. Economic recession and urbanisation. 
B. Population decline and urban sprawl.
C. Depopulation and metropolitanisation.
D. Sub-replacement fertility and discrimination.
Câu 15:

The word “unprecedented” in paragraph 3 refers to _______.

A. unrivaled 
B. unexampled
C. original 
D. singular
Câu 16:

The best title for this passage could be ______________________.

A. Vietnam struggling with ageing population
B. Stopping the two-child policy in Vietnam
C. Raising the retirement age in Vietnam
D. How to solve the aging population in Vietnam
Câu 17:

Which statement is probably TRUE according to the information in the paragraph 1?

A. In 2017, the elderly take up for one third of the total population, this leads to more concerns about healthcare, welfare and pensions for the elderly.
B. In 2015, the two-child policy has been officially tightened and succeeded.
C. The government would promote families to have two children to compensate for the ageing population within the next 20 years.
D. In the next 15-17 years, Vietnam’s economy will need a large labor force to integrate with global economy.
Câu 18:

The word “its” in paragraph 1 refers to_______________?

A. the end of two-child policy 
B. aging population
C. retirement age 
D. economic integration
Câu 19:

In the 2rd paragraph, the writer suggests that_________________.

A. The Ministry of Labor has applied raising the retirement age in May 2017.
B. Raising the retirement age can reduce job opportunities for younger generations.
C. The elderly whose age are 50 would be dangerous if they continued to work
D. Raising the retirement age and stopping two-child policy can be considered as long-term and effective solutions.
Câu 20:

The word “temporary” in paragraph 2 means_______________.

A. constant
B. permanent
C. short-term
D. long-term
Câu 21:

Which of the following does the passage mainly discuss?

A. Effects of overpopulation
B. Reasons of overpopulation
C. Periods of overpopulation
D. Areas of overpopulation
Câu 22:

The word "sustain" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.

A. prolong 
B. provide  
C. withstand  
D. maintain
Câu 23:

According to paragraph 2, what is the reasons why violence and aggression have increased remarkably?

A. People are cutting down forests.
B. People are hunting wildlife in a reckless manner.
C. People are struggling for resources.
D. People are causing pollution.
Câu 24:

What is the main idea of paragraph 3?

A. Depletion of Natural Resources  
B. Degradation of Environment
C. Conflicts and Wars    
D. High Cost of Living
Câu 25:

The word "affected" in paragraph 3 can be best replaced by ______.

A. influenced
B. aspired 
C. disturbed
D. overcome
Câu 26:

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

  A. The Earth can only produce a limited amount of water and food, which is falling short of the current needs.
B. Rise in amount of CO2 emissions leads to global warming.
C. High cost of living in big cities has resulted in overpopulation.
D. Poverty is the biggest hallmark we see when talking about overpopulation
Câu 27:

What does the word "It" in paragraph 4 refers to?

A. conflict
B. war  
C. tension
D. water
Câu 28:

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. The effects of overpopulation are quite severe because the Earth can only produce a limited amount of water and food, which is falling short of the current needs.
B. Rise in the number of vehicles and industries is due to overpopulation.
C. Overpopulation in developing countries causes more diseases to spread and makes them harder to control.
D. Overpopulation is caused by number of factors, and it creates many effect including depletion of natural resources, degradation of environment, conflicts and wars, rise in unemployment, and high cost of living.
Câu 29:

What is the passage mainly about?

A. World population between 1900 and 2000
B. World population 200 years ago
C. A picture of the world population
D. World population growth
Câu 30:

According to paragraph 1, what is the most conspicuous fact about world population growth?

A. There were less than one billion humans living on earth 200 years ago.
B. Today’s population size is over 7 billion.
C. Today’s population size is roughly equivalent to 6.9% of the total number of people ever born.
D. Between 1900 and 2000, the increase in world population was three times greater than during the entire previous history of humanity.
Câu 31:

The word "conspicuous" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.

A. humorous
B. obvious    
C. gigantic
D. enormous
Câu 32:

What is the main content of paragraph 2?

A. The world population is changing greatly.
B. The world population has impact on the Earth’s natural environment.
C. The changing in world population has great impact on environment, and gives reasons to hope for a good future because we have a bigger team of better educated people.
D. The world’s crowded population is the reason to hope for a good future.
Câu 33:

What does the word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to?

A. Growth rate 

B. Increasing population

C. World population 
D. Growth rate peak
Câu 34:

The word “trend” in the last paragraph can be best replaced by ______.

A. way
B. manner  
C. tendency
D. fashion
Câu 35:

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a period marked by distinct trends in population growth?

A. Accelerated population growth 
B. Pre-modernity
C. Onset of modernity
D. Falling population growth
Câu 36:

According to the passage, which of the following statements about the world population is TRUE?

A. The world population was about 6.1 billion 100 years ago.
B. Bigger team of better educated people have made the world population increase dramatically.
C. The world population growth will slow down, causing an end of population growth to the end of this century.
D. The world population has grown remarkably 100 years after 1962.
Câu 37:

What is the main topic of the passage?

A. Our worry about overpopulation for centuries.
B. How we figure out population trends
C. World’s fastest and slowest-growing cities.
D. The possibility of planet Earth feeding 10 billion people.
Câu 38:

The word “brink” in paragraph is closest in meaning to _______.

A. circumference   
B. limit 
C. verge  
D. hem
Câu 39:

According to paragraph 2, what was the situation for population concerns in the late 1900s?

A. Overpopulation was treated as science fiction materials for its absurdity.
B. Citizens were numb to the issues due to constantly living under proliferation burden.
C. Not many people took the matter seriously as they believed in science advancement.
D. Overpopulation hysteria was in vogue due to alarming demographic data.
Câu 40:

The word “draconian” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _______.

A. complicated    
B. strict 
C. unfair      
D. clear
Câu 41:

The word “it” in paragraph 3 refers to _____.

A. size
B. transition
C. home   
D. development
Câu 42:

According to paragraph 3, what is the reason for dwindling replacement rate?

A. It only seems to reduce in comparison with the baby boom period.
B. The enforcement of authoritarian laws on birth planning and one-child policy.
C. There is a connection between societies growing wealthier and people desiring smaller families.
D. Death rates increase owing to heavy pollution and costly medical services.
Câu 43:

Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the passage?

A. Every issue related to population holds great disparity in views among researchers.
B. It took 1800 years for human population to reach the 1 billion threshold.
C. Scientists pay undivided attention to the matter of depleting resources.
D. Panic about overpopulation has led to human rights abuses and pointless suffering.
Câu 44:

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Population explosion was proven to be a problem without an expiration date.
B. We’ve always been wrong about the overpopulation problem.
C. Alarmism and extreme measures to combat proliferation are absolutely necessary.
D. Reliable demographic statistics and estimates count for nothing in the 21st century.
Câu 45:

Which best serves as the title for the passage?

A. What can be done about overpopulation?
B. The planet can’t cope with overpopulation.
C. Lower life expectancy in the fast growing countries.
D. Earth’s human carrying capacity is a myth.
Câu 46:

The word “swelling” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______.

A. bloating
B. shrinking 
C. expanding
D. brimming
Câu 47:

According to paragraph 2, what is NOT mentioned as the cause of rise in the amount of CO2 emission?

A. Exploitation of depleting materials for construction.
B. Increasing exhaust fumes from vehicles.

C. Resources consumption for agriculture.

D. Unplanned Land use and forestry.
Câu 48:

According to paragraph 3, why does the education of women hold significance to population issue?

A. When nurtured early in life, women are more likely to gain confidence.
B. Women are awaken to the importance of birth control and healthy family.
C. Parental support play an essential aspect in children’ education.
D. Parents’ ability to generate wealth may be transferred to their children.
Câu 49:

The word “footprint” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _______.

A. area   
B. impact
C. mark     
D. limit
Câu 50:

The word “it” in paragraph 5 refers to _____.

A. planet
B. meat
C. budget
D. food
Câu 51:

Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the passage?

A. Overpopulation is the largest single threat to the ecology and biodiversity of the planet.

B. Human turning to a complete herbivorous lifestyle is an inevitable step of evolution.

C. Earth Overshoot Day is defined and popularised by the Global Footprint Network.
D. The world population is estimated to reach 9.8 billion in the mid 21st century.
Câu 52:

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. We are borrowing the Earth’s future resources to operate our economies in the present.
B. In the long run, population growth will definitely be forced to come to an end.
C. Small individual actions will together help to ensure a better future for the planet.
D. The consumption of resources varies massively from regions to regions across the globe.
Câu 53:

Which best serves as the title for the passage?

A. Egypt’s population growth requires nuclear energy.
B. The fate of Egypt is with the people.
C. Birth control considered as national security issue.
D. Egypt’s population boom is no boon.
Câu 54:

The word “foreboding” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______.

A. portent   
B. inkling
C. perturbation 
D. foreshadowing
Câu 55:

The word “stem” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______.

A. shoot  
B. originate 
C. remove  
D. restrain
Câu 56:

According to paragraph 3, what is NOT a failure in Egypt government’s population controlling effort?

A. Scant attention towards the vulnerable group of Egypt.

B. The mindset of Egyptians to have more children than necessary.

C. Many people have little knowledge regarding sex education.
D. Unmet needs due to insufficient provision of birth control facilities.
Câu 57:

The word “they” in paragraph 3 refers to _____.

A. services 
B. pensioners
C. Egyptians  
D. children
Câu 58:

According to paragraph 4, what is the problem in general resulted from overpopulation?

A. Food security. 
B. Global warming.
C. Water pollution and scarcity.   
D. Health issues.
Câu 59:

The following statements are true, EXCEPT ________.

A. There is an imbalance between population rate and the volume of resources in Egypt.
B. Egypt has gradually cut down on rice production since 2018.
C. Approximately one out of three people are living below the poverty line in Egypt.
D. The “Two is Enough” program is criticized as being disorganized.
Câu 60:

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. The birth of the 100-millionth Egyptian is a reminder of failures of governance.
B. Egypt has been fighting the problem of population explosion for the past 10 years.
C. The problem is not overpopulation but the concentration of Egyptians in one metropolis.
D. As the country’s population continues to grow, the direction of the country turns astray.