Topic 27: Pollution

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Câu 1:
Noise pollution makes us talk (1)______ and become angry more easily.
A. quieter  
B. louder    
C. quicker      
D. sweeter
Câu 2:
Sometimes the polluted air is (2)________thick that it is like a quilt over a city.
A. so
B. too
C. very
D. really
Câu 3:
Factories must now (3)______ their water before it is thrown away, and they mustn’t let dirty smoke go into the air.
A. freshen
B. boil
C. clear
D. clean
Câu 4:
We (4)_______ put waste things in the dustbin and do not throw them on the ground.

A. need

B. might 
C. can
D. ought
Câu 5:
We can go to work by bus with our friends in the (5)________car.

A. similar

B. same
C. different 
D. separate
Câu 6:
Too much light pollution has (1) __________effects on people.

A. positive

B. negative
C. helpful
D. essential
Câu 7:
With respect to adverse health effects, many species, (2) ___________humans, are dependent on natural body cycles, and the production of melatonin, which are regulated by light and dark (e.g., day and night).
A. especially
B. generally
C. extremely
D. additionally
Câu 8:
If humans are exposed to light (3) ________sleeping, melatonin production can be affected.

A. whereas

B. whenever   
C. though  
D. while
Câu 9:
And ties are being (4) ________ to a couple of types of cancer.
A. founded
B. found
C. invented
D. located
Câu 10:

Heath effects are not only due to over-illumination or excessive (5) ________of light over time, but also improper spectral composition of light.

A. introduction

B. contact
C. exposure 
D. coverage
Câu 11:
On-the-go lifestyles require easily (1) ___________ products, such as soda cans or bottles of water, but the accumulation of these products has led to increasing amounts of plastic pollution around the world.

A. usable

B. needless 
  C. thrown
D. disposable
Câu 12:

As plastic is composed of major (2) ______________ pollutants, it has the potential to cause great harm to the environment in the form of air, water and land pollution.

A. deadly
B. harmless
C. industrial
D. toxic
Câu 13:
Put simply, plastic pollution is when plastic has gathered in an area and has begun to (3) _________ impact the natural environment and create problems for plants, wildlife and even human population.
A. frankly
B. immediately
C. negatively
D. probably
Câu 14:

Plastic is an incredibly useful material, but it is also made from toxic compounds known to cause illness, and because it is meant for (4) _______, it is not biodegradable.

A. durability
B. length
C. timeless  
D. permanence
Câu 15:
Also, try to (5) ______ bringing plastic bags at home and purchasing items with too much of packing.

A. avoid

B. refuse  
C. prevent
D. skip
Câu 16:
Industrialization has provided us with material comfort and modem (1) ____.

A. convenient

   B. convenience   
C. conveniences  
D. inconveniences
Câu 17:
They (2) ____ burn a hole in the earth’s atmosphere and we, on the Earth,

A. truly

B. hardly
C. already    
D. practically
Câu 18:
suffer from the strong radiation (3) ____ by the sun’s rays.

A. emit

B. emits 
C. emitting 
D. emitted
Câu 19:

Household (4) ____ like refrigerators, aerosol cans, air-conditioners and styrofoam containers contain ozone depleting chemicals.

A. things

B. items 
C. pieces
D. amounts
Câu 20:
As a result, the temperature on the Earth will (5) ____.
A. raise
B. raising 
C. rise  
D. rising
Câu 21:

To this can be (1) ____ further impacts from exposure to indoor air pollutants such as radon and second-hand smoke.

A. afforded

B. calculated
C. contributed 
D. added
Câu 22:
The health problems resulting from exposure to air pollution also have a (2) ____ cost to society and business, our health services, and people who suffer from illness and premature death.

A. expensive

B. great
C. high 
D. average
Câu 23:
Vulnerable people are prisoners of air pollution, having to stay indoors and limit their (3) ____when pollution levels are high.

A. activity

B. motion   
C. vocation 
D. doing
Câu 24:

This is not only unjust; it carries a cost to these individuals and the community from missed work and school, from more health problems (4) ____ lack of exercise, and from social isolation.

A. resulting in

B. regardless of 
C. just as 
D. due to
Câu 25:
Taking action will reduce pain, suffering and demands on the National Health Service (NHS), while (5) ____ people back to work, learning, and an active life.

A. making

B. getting 
C. forcing  
D. turning
Câu 26:

This passage is mainly about ________________.

A. the rise in demand for better lighting
B. how light pollutes the environment
C. the toxic substances plants and insects produce under light
D. decreasing the amount of light pollution
Câu 27:

All of the following impact the ecological dynamics EXCEPT ______________.

A. light’s confusing animal navigation

B. animals’ altering competitive interactions

C. predator-prey relations changing
D. wildlife’s inability to reproduce
Câu 28:

Which of the following can be concluded from the passage?

A. Reducing lighting at night is beneficial.
B. Wildlife needs less light than we may think.
C. Reducing lighting is a necessity.
D. There are different light wave lengths.
Câu 29:

The phrase “interfere with” in the passage can be used interchangeably with __________.

A. go with
B. decrease   
C. prevent
D. hold
Câu 30:

The writer’s tone in the passage is __________________.

A. critical
B. negative  
C. neutral 
 D. positive
Câu 31:

Which of the following could be the main idea of the passage?

A. Sea level within U.S. coastal communities
B. Sea level and emissions from human activity
C. Sea level is rising at an increasing rate
D. Sea level and its effects on the world’s 10 largest cities
Câu 32:

The word “deadly” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.

A. huge
B. lethal 
C. fast  
D. rainy
Câu 33:

What is the main idea of paragraph 2?

A. Storms will become more deadly and destructive.
B. Nuisance flooding is becoming more and more frequent.
C. Coastal communities in U.S suffer from less flooding than 50 years ago.
D. Storm surges push farther inland, and are 3 to 9 times more frequent within U.S.
Câu 34:

What does the word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to?

A. water 
B. sea level
C. ocean  
D. ice
Câu 35:

Which of the following statements is TRUE according to paragraph 4?

A. Sea levels will likely rise for many centuries at rates of the current century.
B. 40 percent of the population of the U.S lives in densely populated coastal areas.
C. Sea level plays no role in flooding, shoreline erosion, and hazards from storms.
D. Sea level rise will only affect the world’s 10 largest cities near the coast.
Câu 36:

The word “relatively” in the paragraph 4 could be best replaced by ______.

A. comparatively   
B. responsibly 
C. extremely
D. accurately
Câu 37:

Which of the following best summarizes the last paragraph?

A. Sea level rise are different from location to location due to many factors.
B. Sea level rise only depends on whether the land is still rebounding from the compressive weight of Ice Age glaciers.
C. Virtually all human infrastructure except roads, bridges, subways, water supplies, oil and gas wells, power plants, sewage treatment plants, landfills is at risk from sea level rise.
D. Sea level rise may be regionally various but it still threatens infrastructure necessary for local jobs and regional industries in urban setting.
Câu 38:

Which of the following is the passage likely extracted from?

A. Sci-fi document
B. Research record
C. Scientific magazine   
D. Weather forecast
Câu 39:

There has been greater focus on the dangers of second-hand smoke since .

A. the government accepted it as a great welfare issue
B. overwhelming proof of its dangers emerged
C. people realized the irritation it caused to eyes, nose and throat
D. so many people ignored the warnings
Câu 40:

Sidestream smoke

A. has a higher proportion of dangerous chemicals than inhaled smoke
B. contains 4,000 chemicals, 60 of which are known to cause cancer
C. contains 85% of the chemicals found in inhaled smoke
D. increases the risk of cancer to 60%
Câu 41:

The highlighted word "it" in the passage refers to

A. the room
B. a cigarette 
C. toxic 
D. sidestream smoke
Câu 42:

Lung cancer______ .

A. affects 20-30% of non-smokers
B. is the most common disease in non-smokers that is caused by second-hand smoke
C. is 20-30% more likely to occur if people are exposed to second-hand smoke
D. is the risk of only smokers
Câu 43:

People exposed to second-hand smoke for 30 minutes ____________.

A. are 25-50% more likely to get heart disease than people who are unexposed
B. experience the same reduced blood supply to the heart as that of a smoker
C. experience a 25-50% reduction in coronary blood supply
D. inhale 1% of the smoke
Câu 44:

In New Zealand, it was discovered that ______________.

A. people exposed to second-hand smoke are 82% more likely to get a stroke

B. 82% of people exposed to second-hand smoke suffer from a stroke

C. the risk of stroke to second-hand smoke is 82% of the risk of stroke to smokers

D. stroke is accepted wildly by the majority of the smokers
Câu 45:

The article states that ___________

A. most asthma attacks are triggered by second-hand smoke.
B. 20% of asthma sufferers are exposed to second-hand smoke.
C. lung function of asthma sufferers decreases by 20% when exposed to second-hand smoke.
  D. 3,4 million people who have asthma smoke.
Câu 46:

The highlighted word "immediate" in the passage is closest in meaning to _________

A. slow
B. existing
C. curable
D. instant
Câu 47:

According to the passage, some kind of air pollution ____.

A. are not introduced into the atmosphere
B. do not damage the environment
C. cannot be seen with our naked eyes
D. do not affect living things seriously
Câu 48:

What is the main origin of carbon dioxide in the air?

A. Living things’ breathing 
B. Manufacturing cars
C. Building power plants  
D. Burning coals and petrol
Câu 49:

What were banned because of their damaging the ozone layer?

  A. Chlorofluorocarbons  
B. Methane and gas
C. Refrigerants
D. Aerosol propellants
Câu 50:

What is NOT mentioned as a feature of sulfur dioxide?

A. Creating smog   
B. Causing acid rain
C. Reflecting light 
D. Warming the Earth up
Câu 51:

What has been the main source of atmospheric sulfur dioxide recently?

A. Human activities 

B. Volcanic eruptions

C. Forest fires 
D. Earthquakes
Câu 52:

What does the word "the compound” in the last paragraph refer to?

A. carbon dioxide
B. methane
C. chlorofluorocarbons   
D. sulfur dioxide
Câu 53:

What is the word "exaggerated" in the last sentence closest in meaning to?

A. overdone 
B. understated 
C. overestimated  
D. over-invested
Câu 54:

What is the text about?

A. Ocean pollution 
B. Air pollutants
C. Tropical environment     
D. How to reduce pollution
Câu 55:

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a problem caused by noise?

A. sleeplessness  
B. loss of appetite
C. distraction
D. lost productivity
Câu 56:

The author explains the concept of interfering with others’ use and enjoyment of a common by ______.

A. comparing it to another common negative experience.
B. pointing out ways in which people, businesses, organizations interfere with other’ rights.
C. explaining that sometimes this interference is intentional and sometimes unintentional.
D. giving examples of various forms of commons and of ways people interfere with them
Câu 57:

The author of the passage implies that secondhand noise pollution ______.

A. is not as damaging physically as noise that one generates oneself.
B. damages a person’s health as much as secondhand smoke.
C. makes people both the cause and the victim of noise pollution.
D. is usually more annoying because it is out of one’s control
Câu 58:

The word “which” in paragraph 4 refers to _____.

A. air
B. noise
C. an individual 
D. a group
Câu 59:

Secondhand noise and secondhand smoke are similar in that _____.

A. we are both their cause and victim 
B. they are generated by others
C. they are equally damaging physically 
D. they belong to everyone
Câu 60:

The word “disregard” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _____.

A. disable   
B. discount 
C. ignore 
D. notice
Câu 61:

Which of the following is NOT one of the components of the negative effects that noise pollution has on people?

A. the volume of the sound
B. the time when the sound is heard
C. the source of the sound   
D. the combination of one sound and another
Câu 62:

In the last paragraph, the author mentions a 21-gun salute as an example of _____.

A. a particularly irritating form of noise pollution.
B. a type of noise pollution that can cause physical damage and fright.
C. a loud noise that most people tolerate on a special occasion.
D. a noise that is much more annoying than soft music.