Topic 28: Nature in danger

  • 1Làm xong biết đáp án, phương pháp giải chi tiết.
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Câu 1:
Clear cutting is when large swaths of land are cut (1) ______ all at once.

A. off 

B. away 
C. down
D. out
Câu 2:

A forestry expert quoted by the Natural Resources Defense Council describes clear cutting as “an ecological trauma that has no precedent in nature (2) _____ for a major volcanic eruption.”

A. apart
B. but
C. other
D. except
Câu 3:
Slash-and-burn agriculture entails cutting down a patch of trees, (3) __________ them and growing crops on the land.

A. burn

B. burning   
C. burned 
D. burns
Câu 4:
The ash from the (4) _____ trees provides some nourishment for the (5) ______ and the land is weed-free from the burning.

A. burn

B. burning
C. burned
D. burns
Câu 5:
The ash from the (4) _____ trees provides some nourishment for the (5) ______ and the land is weed-free from the burning.

A. plants

B. plantation 
C. vegetables 
D. vegetation
Câu 6:
For all the talk of what humankind has done to cause destruction to the planet, we should not forget that nature itself is a (1) ________ force, capable of doing damage on a huge scale.

A. heavy

B. muscular
C. powerful 
D. natural
Câu 7:
however, we must remember that there are certain species of plant and animal which, quite naturally, (2)__________ off gases that are very harmful to the atmosphere.
A. take
B. give
C. throw  
D. run
Câu 8:

The other vital ingredient, though, was the completely natural fog, and who would have thought that could be (3) __________ ?

A. poisoned

B. harmful
C. environmental 
D. chemical
Câu 9:
In the early days of the industrial revolution, poets, painters and philosophers described how the polluted (4) __________ skies made them think of the end of the world.

A. urban

B. rural 
C. busy
D. global
Câu 10:

Remembering scientists’ pet theory about the dinosaurs (5) __________ out because of a huge volcanic eruption, we were lucky that humankind survived this time.

A. killing

B. dying
C. fading
D. going
Câu 11:
Climate change is caused by the (1) ______ high levels of dangerous chemicals in the atmosphere, particularly carbon dioxide.

A. absolutely

B. extremely
C. interestingly
D. repeatedly
Câu 12:
It is estimated that average global temperatures will rise (2) _______ between two and six degrees by the end of this century

A. by

B. with 
C. for 
D. in
Câu 13:
We all know the effects could be catastrophic, but are we (3) _______ of the possible solutions?

A. able

B. capable
C. aware 
D. fond
Câu 14:
Crazy as it sounds, a group of academics from British universities is making a plan to build a 12-mile pipe, held up by a huge balloon, that would pump (4) ____ quantities of toxic chemicals, such as sulphur dioxide, into the atmosphere.
A. great
B. enormous
C. extreme 
D. absolute
Câu 15:

The chemicals would form a (5) ____ layer around the Earth that would reflect sunlight and so cool the Earth, much like the effects of a volcanic eruption.

A. protecting 

B. protected 
C. protective  
D. protection
Câu 16:

Which best serves as the title for the passage?

A. Here is what the future looks like
B. The immense amount of land being burned.
C. Climate change helped set the table.
D. Protecting the world’s biodiversity.
Câu 17:

According to paragraph 1, what can be concluded about the Australia’s megafire?

A. The scientists around the world are puzzled by the scale of the incidence.
B. The natural habitats in Australia have been transformed beyond recognition.
C. The modern world has never seen anything quite like these Australia fires.
D. The accident offers the global citizens a chance to showcase their awareness.
Câu 18:

According to paragraph 2, what did Dr. Bradstock imply about the bushfire?

A. Human is the main catalyst for the Australian fires.
B. The blazes were not expected to be this bad so soon.

C. Megablaze of the same scale will happen in half a century.

D. Climate change would bring more intense wildfires.
Câu 19:

The word “unfolding” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.

A. evolving 
B. opening
C. unravelling 
D. happening
Câu 20:

The word “it” in paragraph 4 refers to _______.

A. evidence  
B. event 
C. magnitude     
D. season
Câu 21:

What is the passage mainly about?

A. Levels of fire in Australia
B. Australia’s ongoing fire crisis
C. Australia specialty firefighters  
D. Climate conditions in Australia
Câu 22:

According to the passage, all of the following are mentioned by Mr. Greg Allan as weather conditions in Australia on Tuesday EXCEPT __________.

A. high temperatures
B. strong winds  
C. low humidity     
D. significant rainfall
Câu 23:

In the passage, it is stated by Mr. Allan that ____________

A. firefighters are too tired and cannot fight fires.

B. the situation will improve after Tuesday.
C. there will be little rainfall in the next few months.
D. it is important that people remain alert.
Câu 24:

The word “them” in paragraph 3 refers to __________________.

A. firefighters      
B. signs 
C. bushfires
D. bush land
Câu 25:

The word “respite” in paragraph 3 is closet in meaning to _______________.

A. reward   
B. rest
C. delay
D. success
Câu 26:

What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. Effects of deforestation    
B. History of deforestation
C. Modern deforestation  
D. Habitat for wildlife
Câu 27:

What does the author imply in paragraph 2?

. Deforestation proceeds due to most of the planet’s valuable biodiversity is within forests.
B. Deforestation is only happening in tropical forests such as the Amazon, which have the greatest concentrations of animal and plant species of any terrestrial ecosystem.
C. Two-thirds of Earth’s species are affected if deforestation proceeds.
D. Continuous deforestation can put increasing numbers of these species on the edge of extinction.
Câu 28:

What does the word “This” in paragraph 3 refer to?

A. Forest clearing 
B. Selective logging
C. Fires
D. Forest
Câu 29:

Which of the following is NOT true according to paragraph 3?

A. There is some interaction between effects of forest clearing, selective logging, and fires.
B. Selective logging makes it more vulnerable for the forest to catch fire from adjacent agricultural lands.
C. Forest can become progressively more open when wildfires, logging, and droughts continue.
D. Burning of tropical forests is generally a seasonal phenomenon, so it does not severely impact air quality.
Câu 30:

The word “significant” in paragraph 4 can be best replaced by ______.

A. notifiable
B. insatiable
C. noticeable 
D. inseparable
Câu 31:

Paragraph 4 mentions all of the following information EXCEPT ______.

A. Disastrous landslides convert the deforested land into the form of steep mountain hillsides.
B. Landslides that destroy fields, homes, and human lives are due to the combination of steep slopes, high rainfall, and the lack of tree roots to bind the soil.
C. Soil in many humid forests becomes very poor in nutrients because the forests have been cleared, and are soon abandoned.
D. The nutrients contained in vegetation are burned and fly away, or are washed away by rain.
Câu 32:

What does the phrase “genetic bottlenecks” mostly mean?

A. A change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns
B. A sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events or human activities
C. The total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species
D. The body’s response caused by its immune system being activated by antigens
Câu 33:

What is the author’s attitude to the matter mentioned in the passage?

A. Admiration  
B. Criticism
C. Neutral
D. Sarcasm
Câu 34:

What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. The definition of deforestation.
B. The negative impacts of deforestation.
C. The reasons why deforestation occurs frequently.
D. The effective solutions to solve the deforestation all over the world.
Câu 35:

The word “indigenous” in the first paragraph probably means _________.

A. foreign   
B. agrarian
C. native 
D. mountainous
Câu 36:

Which of the following is NOT stated as the reason of deforestation in paragraph 2?

A. cutting trees for wood   
B. ranching cattle
C. cultivating    
D. hunting for food.
Câu 37:

What does the word “others” in the third paragraph refer?

A. canopy
B. species 
C. rainforest
D. trees
Câu 38:

The following are negative effects of deforestation, EXCEPT __________.

A. Myriad flora and fauna species have been eradicated before we discover them.

B. The alteration of temperature in a complete day is becoming more radical due to the loss of trees.

C. The soil is infertile to grow crops because of the shortage of rain and erosion.
D. More and more animals have to find a place of refuge under the canopy of leaves.
Câu 39:

The word “perpetuate” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _________.

A. maintain 
B. stop
C. prevent   
D. start
Câu 40:

Coastal regions are mentioned in the last paragraph as an example of regions that ________.

A. are easy to be vulnerable in a storm surge.

B. are left behind because of the reduction of forests.

C. are not much influenced by flood.
D. often experience droughts or erosion.
Câu 41:

The paragraph following the last paragraph in the passage may probably discuss _______.

A. a number of disadvantages that deforestation puts local people at.

B. some drastic measures that should be taken to deal with deforestation.

C. the reality of deforestation in some specific countries.
D. some scientists’ perspectives about deforestation.
Câu 42:

Which best serves as the title for the passage?

A. The adverse effects of light pollution.
B. One does not simply adapt to noise pollution.
C. Birds do not habituate to artificial environment.
D. Noise pollution creates havoc for birds.
Câu 43:

The word “reproducing” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______.

A. procreating
B. cultivating 
C. spawning    
D. replicating
Câu 44:

The word “mask” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______.

A. enhance
B. disguise  
C. protect  
D. obscure
Câu 45:

The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to _____.

A. noise
B. behaviour  
C. information
D. communication
Câu 46:

According to paragraph 3, what is NOT mentioned as an anthropogenic threat to birds?

A. Noise generated by human activity.
B. Habitat clearance and fragmentation.
C. Hunting, trapping and intoxicating.
D. Industrial farming with chemical pesticides.
Câu 47:

According to paragraph 5, what did the research find out from the experiment?

A. Excessive noise can damage children’s ability to learn.
B. Man-made noise doesn’t prevent birds from communicate properly.
C. Bird song structure enables birds to assess their opponents.
D. Complexity of their songs is used for claiming territory.
Câu 48:

Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the passage?

A. The surrounding noise always enhances the meaning of birdsong.

B. The mechanism of bird singing holds two important functions.
C. In the UK, 20% of the animals and plants are on the brink of extinction.
D. The Queen’s University Belfast’s report has no actual significance.
Câu 49:

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Human-made noise may have implications for the survival and population numbers of birds.
B. Unsustainable exploitation of the natural world threatens food and water security of birds.
C. Noise pollution generally receives less attention than water quality and air quality issues.
D. Different breeds of birds have distinguished response pattern for the same type of noise.
Câu 50:

Which best serves as the title for the passage?

A. The self-fulfilling prophecy.
B. The fire that no one expected.
C. The Australian megafire’s impact.  
D. Transforming the unique landscape.
Câu 51:

The word “razed” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______.

A. destroyed
B. smoldered  
C. bulldozed
D. kindled
Câu 52:

The word “It” in paragraph 1 refers to _____.

A. Land 
B. Capacity 
C. Figure 
D. Wildlife
Câu 53:

The word “unprecedented” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______.

A. unrivaled  
B. unexampled
C. atypical 
D. original
Câu 54:

According to paragraph 3, how are the koalas and kangaroos killed in the NSW event?

  A. They are preyed on by the carnivores.
B. They are hunted by opportunistic poachers.

C. They are too traumatized to function properly.

D. They are killed directly by the fires.
Câu 55:

According to paragraph 4, what is the problem for the “other animals” that makes them different from koalas or kangaroos?

A. If their habitats are destroyed, they are a goner.
B. They have more difficult recovering conditions.
C. They had it worse than the others due to low heat-resistance.
D. If their populations are too low, they will be neglected.
Câu 56:

The following statements are true, EXCEPT________.

A. Some species don’t die from the flames or smoke, but instead from the fire’s aftermath.
B. Every corner of the world has been impacted by the bushfire originating from Australia.
C. The true number of animals being affected by the incidence is higher than half a billion.
D. Flames, food and predators are all listed as reasons for the suffering of many animals.
Câu 57:

What will the next paragraph possibly discuss?

A. Balance as the built-in attribute of ecosystems.

B. Animals’ preparation for natural disasters.

C. The depletion of natural resources.
D. The possibility of animals’ recovery.
Câu 58:

Which of the following could be the best tittle of the passage?

A. Plastic pollution – Problems and solutions.
B. Harmful effects of plastic bags on the environment.

C. Plastic pollution – What should we do?

D. Plastic bags – New threat for the environment.
Câu 59:

What is the synonym of the word “repercussions” in the first paragraph?

A. situation 
B. interference 
C. contamination  
D. consequence
Câu 60:

According to the second paragraph, what is NOT true about the reality of plastic bags?

A. The more population a country has, the more complicated the plastic pollution is.
B. Plastic bags are often used because of their convenience.
C. Importing plastic waste from developed countries makes the problem more sophisticated.
D. The governments do not prohibit the use of plastic bags at the stores.
Câu 61:

The following are the negative effects of plastic bags on the environment, EXCEPT ______.

A. They make water, soil and air polluted.
B. Marine animals may die because of eating plastic bags.
C. It takes plastic bags a very long time to be biodegraded.
D. People do not live long enough to check whether plastic bags are decomposed or not.
Câu 62:

The word “intact” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______________.

A. undamaged 
B. broken
C. harmful 
D. dangerous
Câu 63:

According to the passage, petroleum is described as a resource that _____________.

A. increases the cost of products.
B. is wasted on many energy demands of life.
C. is indispensable in almost all activities of the modern world.
D. is replaced by other alternatives in producing plastic bags.
Câu 64:

What does the word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?

A. the cashier
B. the bag
C. the shopping 
D. a good substitute
Câu 65:

What does the author suggest in the last paragraph?

A. Plastic bags should be limited as much as possible to save the Earth from their harmful impacts.
B. Each individual should reuse their plastic bags to save money for other purchases.
C. The governments should cooperate with every citizen in cleaning the plastic bags in the polluted oceans.
D. It is easier to keep the environment clean at first than to save it after it is polluted.