Lời giải

$M{A}^2+M{B}^2+M{C}^2={\overrightarrow{MA}}^2+{\overrightarrow{MB}}^2+{\overrightarrow{MC}}^2$

$={\left(\overrightarrow{MG}+\overrightarrow{GA}\right)}^2+{\left(\overrightarrow{MG}+\overrightarrow{GB}\right)}^2+{\left(\overrightarrow{MG}+\overrightarrow{GC}\right)}^2$ (Quy tắc ba điểm)

$$\begin{gathered} ={\overrightarrow{MG}}^2+2\overrightarrow{MG}.\overrightarrow{GA}+{\overrightarrow{GA}}^2+{\overrightarrow{MG}}^2 \\ +2\overrightarrow{MG}.\overrightarrow{GB}+{\overrightarrow{GB}}^2+{\overrightarrow{MG}}^2+2\overrightarrow{MG}.\overrightarrow{GC}+{\overrightarrow{GC}}^2 \\ =\left({\overrightarrow{MG}}^2+{\overrightarrow{MG}}^2+{\overrightarrow{MG}}^2\right)+\left(2\overrightarrow{MG}.\overrightarrow{GA}+2\overrightarrow{MG}.\overrightarrow{GB}+2\overrightarrow{MG}.\overrightarrow{GC}\right) \\ +{\overrightarrow{GA}}^2+{\overrightarrow{GB}}^2+{\overrightarrow{GC}}^2 \end{gathered}$$

$=3{\overrightarrow{MG}}^2+2\overrightarrow{MG}.\left(\overrightarrow{GA}+\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{GC}\right)+{\overrightarrow{GA}}^2+{\overrightarrow{GB}}^2+{\overrightarrow{GC}}^2$

Vì G là trọng tâm tam giác ABC nên $\overrightarrow{GA}+\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{GC}=\overrightarrow{0}$ (tính chất trọng tâm tam giác)

$\Rightarrow \overrightarrow{MG}.\left(\overrightarrow{GA}+\overrightarrow{GB}+\overrightarrow{GC}\right)=\overrightarrow{MG}.\overrightarrow{0}=0$

$\Rightarrow M{A}^2+M{B}^2+M{C}^2=3{\overrightarrow{MG}}^2+{\overrightarrow{GA}}^2+{\overrightarrow{GB}}^2+{\overrightarrow{GC}}^2.$

$\Rightarrow$MA2 + MB2 + MC2 = 3MG2 + GA2 + GB2 + GC2.

Vậy MA2 + MB2 + MC2 = 3MG2 + GA2 + GB2 + GC2.